Pasos para plantear un problema de investigación

Como hemos visto hasta ahora, plantear un problema de investigación de manera efectiva es crucial para el éxito de cualquier estudio. Revisemos ahora algunos pasos para realizar un planteamiento correcto.

Paso 1: Identifica el tema de investigación

Podemos comenzar por hacernos las siguientes preguntas:

  • ¿Qué sabemos ya sobre el tema que nos preocupa? Ponemos el problema en contexto.
  •  ¿Qué necesitamos saber? Describimos el tema puntual de investigación.
  • ¿Por qué necesitamos saberlo? Señalamos la importancia de este problema.
  • ¿Cómo haremos para averiguarlo? Nos preguntamos qué instrumentos utilizaremos para averiguarlo.

Estas preguntas nos ayudarán a identificar, dentro del área de investigación que hayamos seleccionado, el problema que aún no tiene solución y que deberá ser estudiado para alcanzar el espacio de solución.

Paso 2: Realiza una revisión de literatura

Definir el tema de investigación que nos inspira, implica una revisión previa de bibliografía y lecturas que nos puedan ofrecer un marco de referencia de qué acciones se han llevado adelante acerca de aquello que nos interesa profundizar y si hay información suficiente o debemos obtenerla de fuentes propias.

Este paso también nos permitirá identificar lagunas o brechas en el conocimiento en el área de estudio seleccionada.

Paso 3: Delimita el problema

El delimitar el tema a tratar constituye uno de los primeros para el proceso de investigación y es, en sí mismo, el paso más importante en el método científico, debido a la gran cantidad de variables que intervienen en su concepción.

Las primeras ideas de un tema de investigación pueden ser muy amplias y poco precisas. El paso anterior nos habrá ayudado a identificar con mayor precisión el problema a solucionar. Ahora es necesario además incluir, entre otros factores, un recorte de espacio temporal.

Paso 4: Formula las preguntas de investigación

El problema de investigación se convierte en una interrogante que debe ser redactada como pregunta para poder abordar su análisis y profundización.

Las preguntas de investigación deben ser precisas y orientar las respuestas que se buscan en el proceso mismo de la investigación; es decir, deben orientar y acotar el tema que se va a investigar, pues son ellas la que ayudan a quien realiza la investigación a buscar los elementos que requiere para dar respuesta a la interrogante planteada.

Asimismo, estas preguntas serán la base para el establecimiento de objetivos pues los objetivos de investigación se derivan de las preguntas de investigación.

Paso 5: Valida el problema de investigación

Validar el problema de investigación con colegas, expertos o grupos de discusión es crucial porque brinda una perspectiva externa e imparcial sobre la relevancia y viabilidad del problema planteado.

Al compartir y discutir el problema con otros investigadores o personas familiarizadas con el campo, se pueden obtener diferentes puntos de vista, identificar posibles limitaciones y obtener retroalimentación valiosa que puede ayudar a refinar y mejorar la investigación.

Esta validación ayuda a garantizar que el problema de investigación sea significativo y aborde adecuadamente las necesidades de la comunidad científica o de la sociedad en general.

Fuente: Universidad Continental

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